ABSTRACT
Aim: This study analyses the characteristics of consumers who purchased chicken meat through online shopping channels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were asked how often they purchase chicken meat online, the types of chicken meat they purchased, and the main reason they purchase chicken meat online. Method: A total of 108 respondents completed the questionnaire through an online survey from August to September 2020. Non-parametric tests were applied to process the data. Results: The results show that in terms of purchasing chicken meat online, the majority of Indonesian consumers have shifted to online purchasing due to the outbreak of COVID-19. Young people, people with adequate income, the level of education, and gender have an impact on the frequency of purchasing chicken meat online. Conclusions: Most consumers shifted to purchasing chicken meat online during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in terms of sociodemographic factors, male consumers and young people are more concerned about the delivery procedure. The research provides evidence that Indonesian consumers shifted to the online purchasing of chicken meat during the COVID-19 pandemic, which means consumers adapted to the new situation.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has a broad impact on the agricultural sector. In the livestock sub-sector, there is usually an increase in demand for livestock and livestock products at certain moments, one of which is the Eid al-Adha. However, the Eid al-Adha during the pandemic is different from the pre-pandemic period, affecting the demand and supply of qurban animals. This study was conducted to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the value chain of the qurban animals. The research performed in-depth interviews and an online survey with the actors along the chain and 29 Mahir Farm consumers. The results showed changes in supply, distribution, marketing, and demand compared to the pre-pandemic condition. As a response, Mahir Farm improved the sales by using an online mode and created a Tebar Qurban program. Tebar Qurban is a program to optimize the qurban animals sales in the central of production and suppliers to minimize the transportation cost. The adaptive strategies by improving online sales and the Tebar Qurban program’s procurement effectively enhanced the sales of qurban animals during pandemic COVID-19. The study also confirms that there were changes in the buying behavior of qurban animals. Consumers preferred online purchasing compared to coming directly to the qurban stall. The payment system’s ease is the most crucial factor in influencing consumer’s decisions to purchase the qurban animal. This research underlines the importance of adaptive strategies to survive during a pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, impact, qurban, sheep, value chain Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak luas terhadap sektor pertanian. Pada sub-sektor peternakan, biasanya terjadi peningkatan permintaan baik daging maupun ternak hidup pada momentum tertentu salah satunya adalah hari raya Idul Adha. Namun, Idul Adha di masa pandemi memiliki perbedaan dibandingkan dengan masa sebelum pandemi yang mempengaruhi sisi permintaan dan suplai hewan qurban. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap rantai tataniaga hewan qurban yang mengambil studi kasus di Mahir Farm. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara mendalam terhadap para aktor dalam rantai tataniaga bisnis qurban dan survei dilakukan terhadap 29 konsumen hewan qurban Mahir Farm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan dari sisi suplai, distribusi, pemasaran, dan permintaan apabila dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum pandemi. Respon yang dilakukan Mahir Farm adalah dengan mengoptimalkan penjualan secara daring dan membuat program Tebar Qurban. Program Tebar Qurban merupakan strategi dengan mengoptimalkan penjualan di daerah sentra produksi atau pemasok hewan qurban, sehingga biaya transportasi dapat ditekan. Strategi adaptif yang dilakukan terbukti efektif dalam menjaga dan bahkan meningkatkan penjualan hewan qurban. Penelitian ini juga mengkonfirmasi terdapat perubahan perilaku pembelian hewan qurban. Konsumen lebih mengutamakan pembelian dilakukan secara daring dibandingkan dengan datang langsung ke lapak qurban. Kemudahan sistem pembayaran menjadi faktor terpenting dalam mempengaruhi keputusan konsumen. Penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi dampak-dampak pandemi pada rantai tataniaga hewan qurban dan menggarisbawahi pentingnya strategi adaptif untuk memulihkan kondisi agar tetap bertahan di tengah pandemi.Kata kunci: dampak, pandemi COVID-19, tataniaga, qurban
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic and Indonesia is one of the countries affected by the outbreak. This has a major impact on the social economy and the prosperous community especially for sub sector livestock which contributes to the fulfillment of the nutritional value of animal protein and national food security. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the livestock sector especially to the sacrificial animal farm. Direct interviews using a questionnaire were conducted with 36 sacrificial animal farmers in the area of the COVID-19 spread map in the red zone (Bogor Regency) and the green zone (Sukabumi City) from September to November 2020. The questionnaire was divided into three parts, the first part about characteristics of farmers, the second part about farming activities and the last about the market of sacrificial animals. The pandemic has caused changes in livestock procurement in terms of input prices and sales of sacrificial animals. The price of livestock for the production input during the pandemic in the green zone is low while in the red zone is high. The decrease in sales occurred in the green zone while in the red zone it increased both for sheep and cattle farmers. Most sacrificial animal farmers (88.89%) did not change their sales method from the previous year. Sacrificial animal farmers also strongly agree that COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on the economic conditions of farmers. Keywords: COVID-19, economic impact, sacrificial animal, green zone, red zone Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah dinyatakan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) sebagai pandemi dan Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang terdampak wabah tersebut. Hal ini berdampak besar pada aspek sosial, ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, khususnya sub sektor peternakan yang berkontribusi terhadap pemenuhan nilai gizi protein hewani dan ketahanan pangan secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap sektor peternakan, khususnya peternak hewan qurban. Wawancara langsung menggunakan kuesioner dilakukan kepada 36 peternak hewan qurban di wilayah peta penyebaran COVID-19 pada zona merah (Kabupaten Bogor) dan zona hijau (Kota Sukabumi) pada bulan September sampai dengan November 2020. Kuesioner terdiri dari 3 bagian, yaitu aspek karakteristik peternak, aktivitas beternak, dan pemasaran hewan qurban. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan perubahan pada pengadaan ternak dari segi harga input dan penjualan hewan qurban. Harga input produksi ternak selama pandemic COVID-19 pada zona hijau mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan periode qurban tahun sebelumnya, sedangkan pada zona merah mengalami kenaikan harga. Penurunan penjualan terjadi di zona hijau, sedangkan kenaikan penjualan terjadi di zona merah, baik untuk ternak domba maupun sapi. Sebagian besar (88.89%) peternak hewan qurban tidak merubah metode penjualan dari tahun sebelumnya. Peternak hewan qurban juga memberikan persepsi sangat setuju bahwa pandemic COVID-19 yang terjadi berdampak pada kondisi ekonomi peternak. Kata kunci: COVID-19, dampak ekonomi, hewan qurban, zona hijau, zona merah